Saturday, January 25, 2020

Imam Ghazalis Philosophy Of Education

Imam Ghazalis Philosophy Of Education Man has been created as a vicegerent of GOD in the world. And in order to enable him to fulfill his trust-that is to reform the earth and establish a just socio-moral order in this world. GOD has endowed him with two types of Knowledge:(1)Acquisitional Knowledge,and (2)Revelational Knowledge. The potentials for acquisitional knowledge i-e eyes, ears, head and heart have been laid into human constitution. By virtue of these potentialities, man is capable of generating conceptual and creative knowledge, something which is an exclusive characteristic of human beings. This form of knowledge can help man in the conquest of nature. While revelational knowledge consists of the guidance of God. Revelational knowledge gives man the basic wisdom and values that may help him in conquest of his own animal nature. Islam insists that both these forms of knowledge are central to human existence. From this context, it is apparent, that the role objective of own system of education ought to be to prepare our succeeding generations for the successful fulfillments of that duties of vicegerency in this world. Given this background, the importance of knowledge and education in Islam cannot be over-emphasized; hence my interest in this field. In this dissertation, my main focus is on Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education, In order to assess the value of Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education, It seems imperative to examine in brief the Quranic guideline for the attainment of knowledge and education. This will serve as our criterion in the light of which we will evaluate Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education. Of course, the ultimate objective of this whole exercise is to see as to how far we can draw any guidance from these sources in the process of the reconstruction of our own system of education .It may be recalled that there is an internal and external pressure on our state and society to secularise our system of education .One of the central themes of our thesis would be to assess as to what type of education would suit our national needs ; that is how far we can depart from our socio-cultural norms and values Islam is an Arabic word which literally means obedience and peace. ISLAM is derived from the Arabic root SALEMA: peace, purity, submission and obedience. So Islam means total submission to God. According to Oxford English Dictionary Islam is the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the prophet of Allah. Knowledge (ilm) occupies a significant position within Islam. The first word of the first revelation of the Quran was Iqra READ! Seek knowledge! Educate yourselves! Be educated. Iqra also implies teach others, educate them (and transform them). Islam is the religion of knowledge. Islam and education are inter connected. The importance of education has been described at many places in the Holy Quran. The first aayah of the Quran is about education Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). He has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not [al-Alaq 96:1-5] Man is the superior creature of God because He has given him the high capability of understanding. He provided them the tools to understand the knowledge And Allà ¢h has brought you out from the wombs of your mothers while you know nothing. And He gave you hearing, sight, and hearts that you might give thanks (to Allà ¢h) [al-Nahl 16:78] Knowledge is so much important in Islam that Allah (SWT) commanded The prophet Muhammad to seek more of it. Allah says: and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge [Ta-Ha 20:114] Knowledge is the great gift of Allah to the human beings The Holy Quran says: Whoever is given wisdom and knowledge is blessed with bounties in good abundance. (Surah al-Baqarah, 2:272) The Holy Quran says: Those who are belivers among you and the learned, God will increase their rank.. (Surah al-Mujadilah, 58:11) The prophet (pbuh) has stressed upon the significance of knowledge and its importance in the life of the human beings Learned are the heirs of the prophets He said: Whatever is in the heaven and the earth, seeks forgiveness for the learned If a man seeks the path of acquiring knowledge, God guides him to a path leading to paradise Imam Ghazalis Philosophy of Education Al-Ghazali is one of the greatest Islamic Jurists, theologians and a mystic .Imam Al Ghazali has a unique position in the history of muslim religious and philosophical thought. His contribution in the field of knowledge is very substantial .He is one of the most influential scholar in the history of Islam. He has been acclaimed as the Proof of Islam (hujjat al-Islam), the Ornament of Faith (zain al-din) and the Renewer of Religion (mujaddid). The main theme of the educational philosophy of the Imam Ghazali is the concept of God and God with the world and the mankind .The true knowledge according to imam Ghazali is the Knowledge of God. The true learned man is one who comes close to ones creator and who is busy in seeking the happiness of God. According to Imam Ghazali knowledge is to gain happiness in the hereafter and nearness to God. Knowledge is the root of good fortune in this world and in the next. The result of knowledge is to enjoy nearness of God, to keep company with the angels and the pious divines which are objects of the next world and its result in this world is honour, influence over ruler and the people. Ghazali called it the happiness of the next world: Knowledge is precious for its own sake, because with its help the happiness of the next word and Divine vision can be gained. Kinds of Knowledge Imam Ghazali identifies the difference between the revealed and the acquisitional knowledge: Knowledge is of two kinds knowledge of practical religion and knowledge of spiritual matters Imam Ghazali categorises the learning about the duties: Those which are connected to the religion .The religious learning are those which come from the Holy prophet and an absolute compliance from man is expected . Those which are not so connected to the religion, these are mathematics, medicine etc. The first one is called Farz-e-Ain and the other is called Farz-e-kafaya or binding. Imam Ghazali classifies the sciences into three categories: Praise worthy Sciences: The sciences which are beneficial up to the end is the science of knowing God, His attributes and His works, His laws effecting this world and the hereafter. This is the science which is sought for its own attributes and by which the blessing of the hereafter is gained. Blame worthy Sciences: The learning which are blame worthy are sorcery, talismanic sciences, juggling, gambling and the like Permissible Knowledge: The learning which are permissible are poetry, History, geography, biology etc. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The underling purpose of this study is to analyze the role of Imam Ghazli and his philosophy of education for the awakening of the Muslims to realize the importance of the true knowledge and its significance in the life of human beings. The study will also show as to how far Imam Ghazali develops his philosophy of education in consonance with the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the prophet. Attempt will also be made to assess as to how far this philosophy can help to improve our present day system of education. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To make the students realize the true meaning of knowledge. To make the students aware about the main purpose behind acquiring Knowledge in the light of Quranic guidance. To assess the aims and objectives of Imam Ghazalis Philosophy of education. To know and understand his philosophy in the Islamic perspective. To make the students and teachers realize that Islamic education along with the modern education can lead us to improve childs social moral and ethical development. To change our present day education system which may accommodate modern developments in knowledge along with the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Our main thrust ought to be: Be a scientist; but in the midst of all your sciences be still a man. In fact, in Islam there is no tension between science and religion. Science, for instance, tries to understand nature that surrounds us, and it is expected that man will Find God in and through his study of nature a great manifestation of God. Religion, on the other hand, is a moral and spiritual guidance of God to man with the help of which he can engage himself in the conquest of his own nature. In the ultimate run, all knowledge is supposed to marry us to God and through God we are supposed to know and understand other things that are HIS creations. So there is no tension between science and religion. Science helps us in the conquest of human nature while religion helps us in the conquest of human nature. METHODOLOGY Since the research study is exploratory so the data will be collected from secondary sources. For this purpose the main focus will be to study the original text. EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE HOLY QURAN by Dr.Mahar Abdul Haq will guide us about The Quran and the Islamic traditions (sunnah) emphasis on knowledge. Imam Ghazalis IHYA ULUM-ID-DIN will help us to know about Imam Ghazalis educational contribution. Different books will be selected about Imam Ghazali and his Educational philosophy and data will be collected mostly from these. The purpose of this would be to extract his philosophy of education from these books/works Attempt will be made to see as to whether or not we can draw any guideline for the improvement of our current system of education. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY The research thesis will be organized into five chapters which are briefly given below. Chapter 1: Chapter one will deal with the introduction of the research thesis, and will highlight its background and significance. Chapter 2: This chapter will offer a review of related Literature. Literature about the Quranic guidance towards education will be emphisized,In the light of which we will evaluate Imam Ghazalis contributions Chapter 3: Chapter Three would highlight the methodology of this study. Chapter 4: Here an attempt will be made to highlight the significance of knowledge in the light of Quran. Chapter 5: This chapter will cover Imam Ghazalis work as an educationist. Chapter 6: An attempt will be made to assess the Quranic guidance for knowledge and Imam Ghazalis philosophy of education. Finally we would also examine its relevance to our own time and its application to the contemporary issues. BIBIOGRAPHY Saiydain, K.G.(1942) Iqbals Educational Philosophy,Lahore. Abdullah Yusaf Ali(1934)The Holy Quran Text, Translation Commentry,Kitab Bhavan New Delhi. Karim Fazul (1993) Ihya Ulum-ID-Din,Darul-Ishat,Urdu Bazar Karachi Pakistan. Abdul hakim Malik(2007)Trilingual Index of the Holy Quran One volume Encyclopedia,5th edition,Ministry of Religious Affairs pakistan. http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_alghazali.htm http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/ghazalie.pdf http://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/cvsp/Documents/reading_selections/CVSP%20202/Al-ghazali.pdf http://www.ghazali.org/articles/gz1.htm

Friday, January 17, 2020

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 13

I walked back to my room, unsure what to think. Vampiros. Vampires. The word sounded wrong, no matter what language it was in. Coyotes. That was a word that made sense. After all, a coyote was just like a wolf, a wild animal drawn to the confusing tangle of the deep Virginia woods. If Rosalyn was killed by a coyote, it would be tragic, but understandable. But for Rosalyn to be killed by a demon? I laughed, the sound coming out like a short bark as I strode into my bedroom and sat with my head in my hands. My headache had returned with renewed vigor, and I remembered Emily's request that I not eat Cordelia's cooking. On top of everything else, it seemed the servants were turning on each other. Suddenly, I heard three soft raps on the door. The sound was so slight it might be the wind, which had shown no sign of stopping since we got back from the woods. â€Å"Hello?† I called hesitantly. The raps started again, more insistently this time. On the other side of the room, the cotton curtains blew violently in the wind. â€Å"Alfred?† I called, the hairs on the back of my neck standing up. Father's tale had definitely affected me. â€Å"I won't be needing dinner,† I called affected me. â€Å"I won't be needing dinner,† I called loudly. I grabbed a letter opener from my desk and held it behind my back as I headed cautiously toward the door. But just as I placed my hand on the doorknob, the door began to swing inward. â€Å"This isn't funny!† I called, half hysterical, when all of a sudden, a figure in pale blue slipped into the room. Katherine. â€Å"Good, because humor has never been one of my strong points,† Katherine said, her smile revealing her straight, white teeth. â€Å"I'm sorry.† I blushed and hastily dropped the letter opener onto the desk. â€Å"I'm just †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Y ou're still recovering.† Katherine's brown eyes locked with my own. â€Å"I'm sorry to startle you.† She sat down on the center of my bed, pulling her knees up to her chest. â€Å"Y our brother's worried about you.† â€Å"Oh †¦,† I stammered. I couldn't believe that Katherine Pierce had come into my bedroom and was sitting on my bed, as if it were perfectly normal. No woman, except my mother and Cordelia, had ever been in my sleeping chambers. I was suddenly embarrassed by my muddy boots in one corner, the pile of china dishes in another, and the Shakespeare volume still open on the desk. â€Å"Do you want to know a secret?† Katherine asked. I stood at the door, clutching the brass doorknob. â€Å"Maybe?† I asked hesitantly. â€Å"Come closer and I'll tell you.† She beckoned me with her finger. Townspeople were scandalized if a couple went walking to the Wickery Bridge without a chaperone. But here Katherine was without a chaperone–or stockings, for that matter –perched on my bed, asking me to join her there. There was no way I could resist that. I gingerly sat on the edge of the bed. Immediately she flipped onto her hands and knees and crawled over to me. Pushing her hair over one shoulder, she cupped my ear with her hand. â€Å"My secret is that I've been worried about you, too,† she whispered. Her breath was unnaturally cold against my cheek. My leg muscles twitched. I knew I should demand that she leave, right away. But instead I inched closer to her. â€Å"Really?† I whispered. â€Å"Yes,† Katherine murmured, looking deep into my eyes. â€Å"Y need to forget Rosalyn.† ou I shivered and glanced away from Katherine's dark-brown eyes toward the window, watching a fast-moving summer storm sweep in. Katherine took my chin in her ice-cold hands and turned my eyes back to hers. â€Å"Rosalyn is dead,† she continued, her face full of sorrow and kindness. â€Å"But you aren't. Rosalyn wouldn't have wanted you to shut yourself away like a criminal. No one would want that for their betrothed, don't you agree?† I nodded slowly. Even though Damon had told me the same thing, the words made infinitely more sense when coming from Katherine's mouth. Her lips curved in a small smile. â€Å"Y ou'll find happiness again,† she said. â€Å"I want to help you. But you have to let me, sweet Stefan.† Katherine laid her hand against my forehead. I felt a surge of heat and ice converging at my temple. I flinched from the force of it, disappointment welling in my chest as Katherine's hand dropped back into her lap. â€Å"Are those the flowers I picked for you?† Katherine asked suddenly, looking across the room. â€Å"Y ou've shoved them into the corner without any light!† â€Å"I'm sorry,† I said. She imperiously swung her legs off the bed and bent to take the basket from under my desk. She drew the shades, then stared at me, her arms crossed over her chest. My breath caught in my throat. Her light-blue crepe dress highlighted her tiny waist, and her necklace lay at the hollow of her neck. She was undeniably beautiful. She plucked a daisy from the bunch, removing the petals one by one. â€Å"Y esterday I saw a servant child play a silly game–he loves me, he loves me not.† She laughed, but then her smile abruptly turned solemn. â€Å"What do you think the answer would be?† And suddenly, she stood above me, her hands on my shoulders. I inhaled her scent of ginger and lemon, unsure what to say, knowing only that I wanted to feel her hands on my shoulders forever. â€Å"Would the answer be he loves me †¦ or he loves me not?† Katherine asked, leaning toward me. My body began quivering with a desire I didn't know I possessed. My lips were mere inches away from hers. â€Å"What's the answer?† Katherine asked, biting her lip in the impression of a shy maiden. I laughed despite myself. I felt as if I were watching the scene unfold, powerless to stop what I was about to do. I knew this was wrong. Sinful. But how could it be sinful if every fiber of my being wanted it more than anything? Rosalyn was dead. Katherine was alive. And I was alive, too, and I needed to start acting like it. If what Father said was true, and I was about to fight the battle of my life between good and evil, then I needed to learn to have confidence in myself and my choices. I needed to stop thinking and start believing in myself, in my convictions, in my desires. â€Å"Do you really need me to answer?† I asked, reaching for her waist. I grabbed her and pulled her onto the bed with a strength I didn't know I her onto the bed with a strength I didn't know I possessed. She shrieked in delight and tumbled onto the bed next to me. Her breath was sweet, and her hands were cold and holding mine, and suddenly, nothing else–not Rosalyn, not my father's demons, not even Damon–mattered.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Nurse Physician Conflict Within The Public Health Setting

â€Å"Conflict is commonly perceived as being a negative issue. However, the experience of dealing with conflict can lead to positive outcomes for nurses, colleagues, and clients† (College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO), 2009, p. 3). Learning opportunities within a clinical setting arise may arise out of conflict. This paper will focus on an interprofessional nurse-physician conflict within the public health setting. The following conflict requires an understanding of cold chain and cold chain excursions. Cold chain is defined as the procedure and equipment utilized to maintain appropriate temperature of vaccine to ensure safety and a cold chain excursion is characterized by vaccine that has been exposed to inappropriate temperatures (Government of Ontario, 2013). The nurse-physician conflict experienced arose during a routine cold chain inspection at a family health team’s office. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1508 Words

â€Å"Although probably no other work of American literature has been the source of so much controversy, Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn is regarded by many as the greatest literary achievement in America has yet produced† ( Telgen 1.) In the novel the central character, Huck, realizes the wrongs of racisms, even though he was brought up with strong racists’ values. He meets a fellow slave named, Jim, who opened his eyes and change his views on racism. As Huck and Jim journey together, the portrayal of Jim changes because Huck matures and grows. Jim becomes the friend, guide, and father-figure that Huck has lacked. Mark Twain’s focus on slavery in the Antebellum period of his novel while living in a post-Civil War society exposes the inherent racism that is still staining America and Twain’s main purposes in producing this was his wish to bring attention to some of societies cruel, suppress, and uncivilized believes. Twain’s Huck is uneducated and the early part of the novel involves a struggle over whether or not he should be formally educated because he believes that sometimes civilized society does things that are uncivilized, for example, slavery. The novel starts with Window Douglas and Judge Thatcher, who dictates that Huck must go to school and get educated. Eventually Pap comes in and says that Huck must drop out of school because he views it as an attempt to separate their relationship, by becoming more educated. Huck opposes going to school and hates itShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. 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Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. 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The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story